Dashnaiv Peptides
Compounds·ghrh analogs·GHRH receptor agonist, GHRH(1-29)

Sermorelin

What 579 indexed publications and 39 randomized trials actually state about sermorelin, sentence by sentence, each tied to its source and labeled by the kind of evidence it is.

Approved label 33 sources Updated Also: Geref, Groliberin

At a glance

Evidence availability
Approved label
Regulator-reviewed label exists
Indexed publications
579
Europe PMC, title or abstract, 2026-09-14
Human studies in ledger
18
9 randomized; study count, not efficacy proof
Approval
1990
ChEMBL phase 4 · ATC V04CD03, H01AC04
Routes reported
intranasal, intravenous, subcutaneous, transdermal
from studies in this ledger
Studied in
Humans
18 primary studies in the evidence table
Compiled from 33 indexed sources, updated . Cited findings carry an evidence tier; passages written from general knowledge are marked editorial synthesis. Nothing here is medical or dosing advice. What changed

What it is

Sermorelin is a peptide in the ghrh analogs class (GHRH receptor agonist, GHRH(1-29)). Europe PMC indexes 579 publications naming it or a listed alias in a title or abstract, including 39 randomized controlled trials and 71 clinical trials of any design, as of . The strongest evidence tier in that literature is an approved medicine with a regulator-reviewed label.

This page reports what those studies state, sentence by sentence, with each statement tied to its source and labeled by the kind of evidence it is. It does not recommend use, and it does not translate study doses into anything personal.

What the evidence level means

Publication counts show what is indexed, not how strong the evidence is. The ledger below separates human clinical records from preclinical, analytical, and in-vitro work.

Human clinical studies in this ledger189 randomized · 9 other human clinical
Evidence strengthNot yet assessedSeparate from evidence availability
Efficacy signalNot yet assessedRead the study result, not the tier alone

Interpretation boundary: An indexed publication count is a discovery measure. It does not establish efficacy, safety, approval, or a personal treatment plan.

What the evidence shows

One row per primary study in this record's ledger. Fields are read from each paper's indexing and abstract. "Analytical method" marks papers about detecting or measuring the compound rather than about its effects.

18 primary studies in this record's ledger, strongest evidence first. A dash means the abstract did not state the value.
StudyDesignnSpeciesDoseRouteDurationReported outcomeTier
Achermann 2000 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intravenous8 years; 7 years An intravenous bolus of GHRH(1-29)NH(2) was administered in doses at the lower (0.05 microg/kg) and upper (0.15 microg/kg) range of the dose-response curves for young males, as well as the standard supramaximal dose (1. Human clinical trial
Achermann 1999 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intravenous, subcutaneous2 years; 4 years Spontaneous peak GH release was reduced in the children following irradiation (Irradiation 14.9 mU/l vs. Control 25.1 mU/l, P = 0.007). Human clinical trial
Khorram 1997 Randomized controlled trial 10 Humans—subcutaneous5 months; 4 weeks A 30% increase (P < .001) in lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor (CD71) and in monocytes (CD14) (P < .05) occurred within 4 weeks. Human clinical trial
Massoud 1997 Controlled clinical trial — Humans—intravenous— Infusion of SS20 resulted in a significant reduction in the peak GH response to hexarelin, GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 or hexarelin plus GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 (P Conclusions This study shows that SS and hexarelin counteract their… Human clinical trial
Khorram 1997 Randomized controlled trial 9 Humans—intravenous, subcutaneous4 weeks; 16 weeks Compared with placebo, GHRH analog induced a significant increase in 12-h integrated nocturnal GH levels in women (P < 0.01) and men (P < 0.05). Human clinical trial
Massoud 1996 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intravenous— The cortisol dose-response curve showed a step increase to approximately 40% at a hexarelin dose of 0.5 microgram/kg. Human clinical trial
Massoud 1996 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intravenous— The peak GH secretion rate following the first intravenous bolus of hexarelin was greater than that following the first bolus of GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 (P Conclusion This study shows that hexarelin is a potent GH secretagogue… Human clinical trial
Thorner 1996 Clinical trial 110 Humans—subcutaneous12 months The ratio of the change in bone age to height age was not significantly different from unity at 12 months (1.04 +/- 0.58; P = 0.63). Human clinical trial
Bueno 1994 Clinical trial 8 Humans—intravenous, subcutaneous— Priming increased the plasma GH response to acute GHRH in all the children in this group (6.0 +/- 2.1 ng/ml to 18.0 +/- 5.4 ng/ml; p < 0.001); b) non-responders to priming (n = 8), whose GH responses to pharmacological… Human clinical trial
Aloi 1994 Randomized controlled trial 16 Humans—intravenous— Deconvolution analysis demonstrated that the increase in serum GH concentrations stimulated by L and GHRH resulted from enhanced GH secretion rates, with no change in the half-life of GH disappearance. Human clinical trial
Lanes 1994 Clinical trial 11 Humans—subcutaneous3 years; 24 months — Human clinical trial
Spoudeas 1994 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intravenous— Although the average rate of serum GH rise was similar after both 10 micrograms (2.05 (1.13-2.97) mU.l-1.min-1) and 100 micrograms of GHRH(1-29)NH2 (1.52 (0.69-2.35) mU.l-1.min-1; ANOVA F = 0.93, p = 0.35), the average… Human clinical trial
Wilton 1993 Randomized controlled trial — Humans—intranasal, intravenous43 years — Human clinical trial
Hümmelink 1993 Clinical trial — Humans—intranasal6 weeks; 6 month The mean knemometric growth rate rose from 0.24 to 0.48 mm/week after 6 weeks of treatment (p = 0.03) and then rapidly declined; the mean 6-month stadiometric height velocity did not increase. Human clinical trial
Chang 2021 Human study 325 Humans——— — Observational, human
Garcia 2013 Multicentre study — Humans——— Using the separate cut points of 6.8 ng/mL for nonobese and 2.7 for obese subjects reduced the misclassification rate to 11%. Observational, human
Vadillo 2001 Human study 5 Humans—intravenous, transdermal6 months GH pulsatility before estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in these 5 patients was: X: 0.48 +/- 0.22, 0.38 +/- 0.17, 0.45 +/- 0.25 and 0.29 (at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months respectively) and 2.74 +/- o 1.21; 3.48 +/- 1.32… Observational, human
Zhang 1991 Human study — Humans——— In contrast, the plasma GHRH level in hemodialysis-dependent, chronic renal failure (CRF-HD) patients (38.7 +/- 13.1 ng/l) was significantly higher than normal. Observational, human

Study durations

Treatment and follow-up periods as stated in each abstract.

  • Randomized controlled trial humans 2000 Human clinical trial
    Durations stated: 8 years; 7 years
    Five adult male long-term survivors of childhood brain tumours (median age 21.8 years (18.4-26.7); 13.7 years (11.4-15.7) post-radiotherapy, >30Gy) and five matched controls were studied.
    Source pmid-10754477 · quoted verbatim from the abstract, emphasis added
  • Randomized controlled trial humans 1999 Human clinical trial
    Durations stated: 2 years; 4 years; 5 years
    7); 12.2 years (5.8-14.0) postradiotherapy, > 30Gy whole brain irradiation) with 9 matched control volunteers and 6 short-term survivors of childhood brain tumours (median age 6.4 years (5.9-7.
    Source pmid-10594518 · quoted verbatim from the abstract, emphasis added
  • Randomized controlled trial humans n = 10 1997 Human clinical trial
    Durations stated: 5 months; 4 weeks; 16 weeks
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
    Source pmid-9360512 · quoted verbatim from the abstract, emphasis added
  • Randomized controlled trial humans n = 9 1997 Human clinical trial
    Durations stated: 4 weeks; 16 weeks; 12 weeks
    Ten women and 9 men between the ages of 55-71 yr self-injected placebo (saline) s.c. nightly for 4 weeks followed by 16 weeks of [Nle27]GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 microg/kg.
    Source pmid-9141536 · quoted verbatim from the abstract, emphasis added
  • Clinical trial humans n = 110 1996 Human clinical trial
    Durations stated: 12 months
    The mean height velocity for the group increased from 4.1 +/- 0.9 cm/yr at baseline to 8.0 +/- 1.5 and 7.2 +/- 1.3 cm/yr after 6 and 12 months of therapy, respectively.
    Source pmid-8772599 · quoted verbatim from the abstract, emphasis added

Routes studied

Routes of administration named in each study.

  • Randomized controlled trial humans 2000 Human clinical trial
    administration by intravenous route reported
    An intravenous bolus of GHRH(1-29)NH(2) was administered in doses at the lower (0.05 microg/kg) and upper (0.15 microg/kg) range of the dose-response curves for young males, as well as the standard supramaximal dose (1.
    Source pmid-10754477 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Randomized controlled trial humans 1999 Human clinical trial
    administration by intravenous, subcutaneous route reported
    Serum GH concentrations in 24 h spontaneous GH profiles and during three 'clamp' studies: continuous GHRH(1-29)NH2 (60 ng/kg/minutes, subcutaneous infusion, 24 h); intermittent SS(1-14) withdrawal (20microg/m2/hour, intravenous infusion, 3 h on/1 h off, 2-3 cycles over 8-12 h); intermittent SS and continuous GHRH combined (2-3 cycles over 8-12 h).
    Source pmid-10594518 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Randomized controlled trial humans n = 10 1997 Human clinical trial
    administration by subcutaneous route reported
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
    Source pmid-9360512 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Controlled clinical trial humans 1997 Human clinical trial
    administration by intravenous route reported
    Boluses of saline, hexarelin (1 microgram/kg), GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 (1 microgram/kg) or hexarelin plus GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 were administered intravenously 1 hour after the start of a 3-hour constant intravenous infusion of saline, SS(1-14) (20 micrograms/m2/h) (SS20) or SS(1-14) (50 micrograms/m2/h) (SS50).
    Source pmid-9425393 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Randomized controlled trial humans n = 9 1997 Human clinical trial
    administration by intravenous, subcutaneous route reported
    Ten women and 9 men between the ages of 55-71 yr self-injected placebo (saline) s.c. nightly for 4 weeks followed by 16 weeks of [Nle27]GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 microg/kg.
    Source pmid-9141536 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Randomized controlled trial humans 1996 Human clinical trial
    administration by intravenous route reported
    We studied the effects of varying doses (0-1.0 microgram/kg) of hexarelin, a novel GH-releasing peptide, administered iv to healthy adult males on GH, PRL, and cortisol release.
    Source pmid-8954038 · quoted verbatim from the abstract

Biomarkers measured in studies

Laboratory and clinical measures the studies report tracking, including which hormones did and did not change.

  • Randomized controlled trial humans 1993 Human clinical trial
    The growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue GHRH(1-29)-NH2 was administered intravenously or intranasally to 30 healthy men aged 19-43 years.
    Source pmid-8329825 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Clinical trial humans 1993 Human clinical trial
    The growth-promoting potential of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 (GHRH(1-29)-NH2) in a new formulation for intranasal use was examined in a 6-month pilot study of eight short prepubertal children.
    Source pmid-8329828 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Human study humans n = 325 2021 Observational, human
    Lastly, the Kaplan-Meier method showed the patient's benefit from sermorelin was independent of postoperative adjuvant treatment.
    Source pmid-33842627 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
  • Human study humans 1991 Observational, human
    A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) using a polyclonal antibody against synthetic GHRH(1-29)-Gly4-Cys-NH2 has been developed.
    Source pmid-1687674 · quoted verbatim from the abstract

Storage and stability

Stability and storage conditions as reported.

  • In vitro study 2022 Mechanistic, in vitro
    Stability experiments showed the importance of the proper handling of urine samples to avoid degradation of these peptide hormones, especially for sermorelin and its metabolite which were found to rapidly degrade at temperatures > 4 °C and pH values < 7 in accordance with earlier studies.
    Source pmid-35298973 · quoted verbatim from the abstract
Method note · shared across compounds

Reconstitution mathematics

Lyophilised peptide is supplied as a mass in a vial and dissolved in a stated volume of diluent. Two figures follow from that and nothing else:

  • Concentration = mass in vial ÷ diluent volume. A 5 mg vial in 2 mL is 2.5 mg/mL, or 2,500 mcg/mL.
  • Volume for a given mass = that mass ÷ concentration. 250 mcg at 2,500 mcg/mL is 0.1 mL. On a U-100 insulin syringe, where 1 mL is 100 units, that is 10 units.

Study doses on this page are quoted as published, in the units the authors used. Converting between mcg, mg and IU, or between a mass and a syringe volume, is arithmetic; deciding a mass is not, and this page does not do it. The reconstitution calculator performs the conversion with the formula shown.

Method note · shared across compounds

Reading a certificate of analysis

A certificate of analysis is a laboratory report on one batch. Reading it means checking four things in order.

  1. Identity. Mass spectrometry should report an observed molecular mass matching the peptide's theoretical mass within the instrument's stated tolerance. A certificate with no mass spectrometry, or one that lists only the expected value, has not confirmed identity.
  2. Purity. HPLC purity is the area of the main peak as a share of all peaks, at a stated wavelength. It says nothing about what the other peaks are, and it is not a measure of quantity.
  3. Quantity. Net peptide content, by amino acid analysis or UV, is the fraction of the vial's mass that is peptide rather than counter-ions and water. A 5 mg vial at 80% net content holds 4 mg of peptide, and every concentration figure above changes accordingly.
  4. Provenance. The batch number on the certificate should match the vial, the laboratory should be named and independent of the seller, and the test date should be recent.

This page rates no supplier and links to none. It describes how to read the document.

Method note · shared across compounds

Equipment described in studies

Published human studies of injectable peptides report the same small set of materials: single-use insulin syringes with fixed needles, most often U-100 with 29 to 31 gauge needles; bacteriostatic water or sterile water for injection as diluent, with the choice stated in the methods; alcohol swabs; and refrigerated storage of reconstituted solution. Animal studies more often report intraperitoneal or intragastric administration and state the vehicle used. Where a study in this record's ledger names its materials or vehicle, that sentence appears under storage or routes above; where it does not, nothing is assumed here.

Other compounds in its class

Same class in the registry: CJC-1295, Tesamorelin. Each row shows what that compound's own record states; nothing is inferred across rows. Head-to-head evidence, where any exists, is on the comparison pages: Sermorelin vs Tesamorelin, Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin.

3 compounds in the ghrh analogs class. Each row states what that compound's own record says; nothing is inferred across rows.
CompoundTierPublicationsRCTsRecord
Sermorelin Approved label 579 39 draft
CJC-1295 Human clinical trial 37 1 draft
Tesamorelin Approved label 115 22 draft

Regulatory status

Registry facts only. Jurisdiction-level status, compounding categories and sport prohibitions need their own cited documents before they appear here.

  • ChEMBL CHEMBL1201490: maximum clinical phase 4, first approval 1990, ATC V04CD03, H01AC04. Jurisdiction-level status pending human review.Approved label
    Registry entry

Open questions and limitations

What is genuinely unknown, stated plainly. A missing field is not evidence that the outcome is safe, effective, or established.

  • No study in this record's ledger reports doses used for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports weight-normalized doses for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports dose-escalation schedules for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports interactions with other agents for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports exclusion criteria for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports adverse events or their frequency for Sermorelin.
  • No study in this record's ledger reports onset or duration of effects for Sermorelin.

Questions people ask

Has Sermorelin been tested in humans?

Yes. Europe PMC indexes 71 clinical trials and 39 randomized controlled trials naming Sermorelin or a listed alias in the title or abstract. The evidence table above lists the ones in this record's ledger with their design and sample size; check the study name, since an alias can refer to a different formulation of the same molecule.

What kind of evidence exists for Sermorelin?

The strongest tier is approved label: an approved medicine with a regulator-reviewed label. Every claim on this page carries its own tier, because a compound with one human trial and forty animal studies is described by both facts, not the better one.

Is Sermorelin an approved medicine?

ChEMBL records CHEMBL1201490 at maximum clinical phase 4, first approved 1990. Approval status differs by jurisdiction and is pending human review on this record.

Which species has Sermorelin been studied in?

Studies in this record's ledger report work in: Humans, Mice, Swine. Findings in one species do not transfer to another, and weight-normalized doses in particular do not scale linearly between them.

Sources

Full citations. Every claim above links to one of these by its id.

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Show the remaining 21 sources
  1. 13
  2. 14
    PEGylation of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF) analogues.
    pmid-14499707 · · peer-reviewed
  3. 15
  4. 16
  5. 17
  6. 18
  7. 19
  8. 20
  9. 21
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  12. 24
    Growth hormone-releasing peptides: clinical and basic aspects.
    pmid-8950613 · · peer-reviewed
  13. 25
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  15. 27
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  17. 29
  18. 30
  19. 31
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  21. 33
    Growth hormone releasing hormone.
    pmid-2429796 · · peer-reviewed

Reference card

Reference card · generated /compounds/sermorelin
Compound
Sermorelin, ghrh analogs
Evidence tier
Approved label
Indexed publications
579 · 39 RCTs · 71 other clinical trials
Approval
approved (1990) · ATC V04CD03, H01AC04
Routes reported
intranasal, intravenous, subcutaneous, transdermal

Study figures are as published in each source and are not recommendations. Print or save this card with its date.

Last reviewed and what changed

Newest first. These are the record's own revision dates, and the same dates feed the sitemap.

  1. · Hand curation: 7 alias-matched sources removed with 7 evidence rows and 4 claims. Flagged by the subject filter added to scripts/fetch_evidence.py the same day.
  2. · Claims drafted extractively from 39 ledger sources by scripts/draft_claims.py: 20 claims, 25 evidence-table rows. Status researched -> draft.
  3. · Claims drafted extractively from 39 ledger sources by scripts/draft_claims.py: 44 claims, 25 evidence-table rows. Status researched -> draft.
  4. · Evidence fetched from Europe PMC and ChEMBL by scripts/fetch_evidence.py; claims not yet written.